Intangiriro y'ishingiro
Mu gice cya mbere, twaganiriye ku bice by'ibanze bya mudasobwa zikora mu nganda (IPC), harimo CPU, GPU, RAM, ububiko, na motherboard. Muri iki gice cya kabiri, turareba ibindi bice by'ingenzi bituma IPC zikora neza mu nganda zikomeye. Ibi birimo amashanyarazi, sisitemu zo gukonjesha, imiyoboro, imiyoboro ya I/O, na module z'itumanaho.
1. Ishami ritanga amashanyarazi (PSU)
Ingufu ni yo mbaraga z’ubuzima bwa IPC, itanga ingufu zihamye kandi zizewe ku bice byose by’imbere. Mu nganda, imiterere y’ingufu ishobora kuba idasanzwe, bigatuma guhitamo PSU biba ingenzi cyane.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bya PSU z'inganda:
- Urugendo rwa Voltage rw'Injira Rugari: PSU nyinshi z'inganda zishyigikira uburyo bwo kwinjiza 12V–48V kugira ngo zihuze n'amasoko y'amashanyarazi atandukanye.
- Gutakaza abakozi: Hari sisitemu zirimo PSU ebyiri kugira ngo zikomeze gukora mu gihe imwe yananiwe.
- Ibiranga Uburinzi: Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi arenze urugero, ubushyuhe burenze urugero, n'uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi magufi ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu abe inyangamugayo.
- Gukora neza: PSU zikora neza cyane zigabanya ubushyuhe kandi zikongera imikorere ya sisitemu muri rusange.
Agasanduku k'Ikoreshwa:
Ku bikoresho bya IPC bigendanwa cyangwa bikoresha batiri, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya DC-DC ni ibisanzwe, mu gihe ibikoresho bya AC-DC bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho bidahinduka.
2. Sisitemu zo gukonjesha
Kompyuta zo mu nganda zikunze gukora ahantu hagoye kandi hatarimo umwuka mwinshi. Gukonjesha neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo hakomeze gukora neza no gukumira ko ibice byangirika.
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha:
- Gukonjesha nta Fan: Ikoresha utumashini dushyushya n'udukonjesha tudakoresha imbaraga kugira ngo ikureho ubushyuhe. Ni byiza ahantu hari ivumbi cyangwa hashobora kunyeganyega aho abafana bashobora kwangirika cyangwa kuziba.
- Gukonjesha Gukora: Harimo amafeni cyangwa gukonjesha amazi kuri za IPC zikora neza zikora imirimo iremereye nka AI cyangwa imashini ireba.
- Gukonjesha mu buryo bw'ubwenge: Hari sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zikoresha abafana b’ubwenge bahindura umuvuduko hashingiwe ku bushyuhe bw’imbere mu kirere kugira ngo bahuze urwego rw’ubukonje n’urusaku.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho:
- Menya neza ko sisitemu yo gukonjesha ihuye n'umusaruro w'ubushyuhe wa IPC (upimwe muri TDP).
- Mu bihe bikomeye cyane, nko mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi cyangwa mu nganda zikorera hanze, hashobora kuba ngombwa gukonjesha byihariye (nk'amazi cyangwa ubukonje bukoresha amashanyarazi).
3. Gushyiramo no kubaka ubwiza
Urwo ruzitiro rurinda ibice by'imbere bya IPC kwangirika kw'umubiri n'ibyago bikomoka ku bidukikije. Urwo ruzitiro rw'inganda akenshi rugamije kuzuza amahame akomeye yo kuramba no kwizerwa.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi:
- Ibikoresho: Aluminiyumu cyangwa icyuma kidashonga kugira ngo bikomere kandi bishire ubushyuhe.
- Igipimo cyo Kurinda Kwinjira (IP): Igaragaza ko irwanya ivumbi n'amazi (urugero, IP65 kugira ngo irindwe burundu ivumbi n'amazi).
- Ubudahangarwa n'Ihungabana no Kudahindagurika: Inyubako zikomeye zirinda kwangirika mu nganda zigenda cyangwa ziremereye.
- Imiterere mito cyangwa iciriritse: Yagenewe gushyirwamo ibintu bito cyangwa imiterere yoroshye.
Agasanduku k'Ikoreshwa:
Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ryo hanze, ahantu ho gukingira hashobora kuba harimo ibindi bintu nko kwirinda ikirere cyangwa kwirinda imirasire ya UV.
4. Imiyoboro ya I/O
Kompyuta zo mu nganda zikenera uburyo butandukanye kandi bwizewe bwo guhuza kugira ngo zivugane n'ibikoresho, ibikoresho, n'imiyoboro mu gihe nyacyo.
Imbuga zisanzwe za I/O:
- USB: Ku bikoresho byo hanze nka clavier, imbeba, n'ububiko bwo hanze.
- Ethaneti: Ifasha umuvuduko wa 1Gbps kugeza kuri 10Gbps kugira ngo itumanaho ryihuse kandi rihamye ry’umuyoboro rirusheho kuba ryiza.
- Imbuga z'uruhererekane (RS232/RS485): Ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'inganda bya kera.
- GPIO: Ku bijyanye no guhuza na actuators, switches, cyangwa izindi signals za digitale/analog.
- Imiyoboro ya PCIe: Interineti zishobora kwaguka kuri GPU, amakarita ya network, cyangwa modules zihariye z'inganda.
Amabwiriza agenga inganda:
- PROFINET, EtherCATnaModbus TCPni ingenzi mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga no kugenzura, bisaba guhuza n'amahame ngenderwaho y'umuyoboro w'inganda.
Ibindi bice bivugwa muri iki gice - PSU, sisitemu zo gukonjesha, imiyoboro, imiyoboro ya I/O, na module z'itumanaho - bigira uruhare runini mu kwemeza ko mudasobwa zikora mu nganda zizewe kandi zikora neza. Ibi bintu ntibifasha gusa mudasobwa zikora mu nganda kwihanganira ibidukikije bikomeye, ahubwo binazifasha kwinjira mu buryo buboneye mu nganda zigezweho.
Mu gihe utegura cyangwa uhitamo IPC, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibi bice hashingiwe ku bisabwa byihariye by'iyi porogaramu. Hamwe n'ibice by'ibanze byavuzwe mu Gice cya 1, ibi bice bigize urufatiro rwa sisitemu ikomeye kandi ikora neza y'ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa.
Niba ushishikajwe n'ikigo cyacu n'ibicuruzwa byacu, hamagara uhagarariye mu mahanga, Robin.
Email: yang.chen@apuqi.com
WhatsApp: +86 18351628738
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-08-2025